Microorganisms are present everywhere in the universe. They are part and parcel of our life and these are omnipresent. Some of these comprise the resident flora of skin and mucosal surfaces of our body that are in contact with the atmosphere. Microbiology and biotechnology are not mere facts, terms, and concepts. 

In the present era of biological research, these two applied subjects are making significant contributions towards scientific knowledge and solving human problems. In order to be an accomplished biotechnologist, a thorough knowledge of Microbiology is essential.  

Microorganisms were probably the first living forms to appear on the earth. Microorganisms are omnipresent in biosphere. Most microorganisms are free living and perform useful activities. Biosphere in general comprises of two categories: animate or living and inanimate or non-living beings. Biology is the science that deals with the living organisms. The branch of biology that deals with microscopic forms of living organisms (microbes) is termed as the "'microbiology".

  Microbial kingdom includes the study of bacteria, rickettsiae, viruses, fungi, algae and protozoa. Microbiology is further subdivided into bacteriology dealing with bacteria and rickettsiae, virology the study of viruses, mycology study of fungi and protozoology deals protozoa. Microbiology considers the microscopic forms of life as to their occurrence in nature, their reproduction and physiology, their harmful and beneficial relationship with other living things and their significance in science and industry. Microbiologists study bacteria in many ways. The methods used to study bacteria and other microbes include direct microscopic examination, Cultivation, biochemical tests, animal inoculation, serological reactivity and recent molecular biological techniques. Currently because of their high versatility and rapid turn over microorganisms are used extensively in genetic engineering and biotechnological processes and new processes are being developed to produce variety of enzymes of industrial importance, vaccines, insecticides, pharmaceutical's and other biological products of interest to mankind, animals and plants.

Microbiologist can join State or Central Govt. Job. He/They can also find job with Private institutions or in industries like Pharmaceutical, Food and Fisheries etc. They can pursue higher studies or undertake research careers. They can find attractive jobs outside India.